Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common forms of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide, especially as they age. But what exactly is knee osteoarthritis, and what can an orthopedic surgeon do to help?
What is Knee Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis (OA) is often referred to as “wear and tear” arthritis. In simple terms, it occurs when the protective cartilage in your knee joint gradually breaks down. Cartilage is the smooth, rubbery tissue that covers the ends of bones, allowing them to glide smoothly over each other. When this cartilage wears away, bones may begin to rub against one another, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe pain that limits your ability to walk, climb stairs, or even sit comfortably. Over time, the joint may become unstable or deformed, leading to a loss of function.
Who is at Risk?
Anyone can develop knee osteoarthritis, but certain factors increase your risk:
- Age: Osteoarthritis is more common in people over 50.
- Weight: Excess weight puts extra stress on your knee joints.
- Injuries: Previous knee injuries can lead to OA later in life.
- Heredity: Genetics can play a role in cartilage breakdown.
- Repetitive stress: Jobs or activities that require repetitive kneeling or squatting can increase the risk.
When Should You See an Orthopedic Surgeon?
While osteoarthritis doesn’t have a cure, it doesn’t mean you’re stuck suffering forever. Orthopedic surgeons specialize in treating joint problems like osteoarthritis. If you’re experiencing any of the following, it may be time to consult with an orthopedic surgeon:
- Persistent knee pain that doesn’t improve with rest or medication
- Stiffness or swelling that limits your movement
- Difficulty performing daily activities such as walking, standing, or climbing stairs
- Instability or a feeling that your knee might “give way”
How Can an Orthopedic Surgeon Help?
Orthopedic surgeons are experts in diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system, including osteoarthritis. Here are some ways they can help:
1. Accurate Diagnosis
An orthopedic surgeon will start by conducting a thorough examination, which may include X-rays or other imaging tests, to assess the condition of your knee joint. This allows them to understand the severity of your arthritis and guide you on the best treatment options.
2. Non-Surgical Treatment Options
Surgery isn’t always the first option. Many people can manage knee osteoarthritis with non-surgical treatments, including:
- Physical Therapy: Strengthening the muscles around the knee can reduce stress on the joint.
- Medications: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, or injections (like corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid) can help reduce pain and inflammation.
- Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss and low-impact exercises (such as swimming or cycling) can improve symptoms.
- Bracing: A knee brace can provide support and stability, especially if you experience knee instability.
3. Joint Injections
For some people, joint injections can provide relief from knee osteoarthritis pain. These injections are a non-surgical option that can help reduce inflammation and improve joint function. Here are the most common types of injections used for knee OA:
- Corticosteroid Injections: Corticosteroids, or “steroids,” are powerful anti-inflammatory medications that can be injected directly into the knee joint. These injections can provide significant pain relief by reducing inflammation in the joint. However, the effects are usually temporary, and the procedure may need to be repeated every few months. Repeated use over time can weaken cartilage, so orthopedic surgeons usually recommend these injections in moderation.
- Hyaluronic Acid Injections (Viscosupplementation): Hyaluronic acid is a substance that naturally occurs in the joint fluid, helping to lubricate and cushion the knee. In osteoarthritis, the levels of hyaluronic acid may decrease. Viscosupplementation involves injecting a synthetic form of hyaluronic acid into the knee joint to improve lubrication, reduce pain, and enhance movement. This treatment may be beneficial for those with mild to moderate OA and can provide relief for several months.
- Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections: PRP therapy uses the patient’s own blood, which is processed to concentrate the platelets. These platelets contain growth factors that promote healing and reduce inflammation. When injected into the knee, PRP may help repair damaged cartilage and reduce osteoarthritis symptoms. Research on PRP is still ongoing, but it has shown promise for some patients, particularly those in the early stages of OA.
4. Surgical Solutions
If conservative treatments fail, and knee pain continues to disrupt your life, your orthopedic surgeon may suggest surgery. Common surgical options include:
- Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive procedure where small instruments are inserted into the knee to remove damaged tissue or cartilage fragments.
- Osteotomy: This procedure involves realigning the bones to shift weight off the damaged part of the knee, which can help prolong the life of the joint.
- Partial Knee Replacement: If only one part of the knee is affected by arthritis, this surgery replaces just that section of the joint.
- Total Knee Replacement: In severe cases, the entire knee joint may need to be replaced with an artificial joint made of metal, plastic, or ceramic. This is highly effective at relieving pain and restoring function.
How Dr. Vahan Cepkinian Can Help
Dr. Vahan Cepkinian is a highly experienced orthopedic surgeon who specializes in treating knee osteoarthritis and other joint conditions. His personalized approach ensures that each patient receives the most appropriate treatment based on their unique needs and lifestyle. Here’s how Dr. Cepkinian can help you manage knee osteoarthritis:
- Comprehensive Evaluation: Dr. Cepkinian begins by conducting a detailed assessment of your knee condition, utilizing advanced diagnostic tools to understand the severity of your osteoarthritis.
- Customized Treatment Plans: Whether it’s non-surgical methods like physical therapy and joint injections or surgical interventions, Dr. Cepkinian develops a tailored treatment plan that aligns with your health goals.
- Expertise in Joint Injections: Dr. Cepkinian offers various joint injection therapies, such as corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections, to help reduce pain and inflammation in the knee. He ensures these treatments are done with precision to maximize effectiveness.
- Surgical Expertise: If surgery is necessary, Dr. Cepkinian is skilled in performing minimally invasive procedures such as arthroscopy and more complex surgeries like knee replacement. His expertise ensures a smooth recovery and improved long-term outcomes.
- Holistic Care and Support: Dr. Cepkinian prioritizes patient education, ensuring that you understand your treatment options and are actively involved in your care decisions. His compassionate approach and commitment to your well-being are key to helping you regain mobility and reduce knee pain.
By choosing Dr. Cepkinian, you’re entrusting your care to a dedicated orthopedic surgeon who will work with you every step of the way to alleviate your knee osteoarthritis and improve your quality of life.